为了进行多个容器之间通讯的实验，首先我们需要创建两个服务，分别打包成不同的镜像，并通过docker-compose进行容器编排。本次实验的项目目录如下：
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| ├── client
│ ├── dockerfile
│ ├── index.html
│ └── nginx.conf
├── docker-compose.yml
├── microservice1
│ ├── dockerfile
│ ├── main
│ └── main.go
└── microservice2
├── dockerfile
├── main
└── main.go
|
microservice后端服务定义
我们定义了两个后端服务，其代码如下：
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| // microservice1/main.go
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"net/http"
)
type Resp struct {
Code int
Message string
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/say_hello", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*") //允许访问所有域
w.Header().Add("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type") //header的类型
w.Header().Set("content-type", "application/json")
var data Resp
if r.Method != "GET" {
data = Resp{
Code: 4000,
Message: "Only Allow GET Method!",
}
} else {
data = Resp{
Code: 2000,
Message: "Hello Microservice1",
}
}
resp, _ := json.Marshal(data)
w.Write(resp)
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}
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编译上述代码：
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| GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go
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另一个后端服务代码如下：
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| // microservice2/main.go
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/who_am_i", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*") //允许访问所有域
w.Header().Add("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type") //header的类型
w.Header().Set("content-type", "application/json")
data := struct{
Code int
Message string
}{
Code: 2000,
Message: "I am yizhigopher!",
}
resp, _ := json.Marshal(data)
w.Write(resp)
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}
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使用上述命令编译代码。
并编写容器build脚本，每个后端服务的dockerfile一样：
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| FROM golang:1.23-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY ./main /app/microservice
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/app/microservice"]
|
前端界面定义
为了直观体现出不同容器之间通讯作用，我们编写了如下前端代码：
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| <!-- client/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="CH-ZN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="say_hello()" style="width:100px; height:20px">call say hello</button>
<br/>
<button onclick="whoami()" style="width:100px; height:20px">call who am i</button>
</body>
</html>
<script>
function say_hello() {
$.ajax({
url: "http://localhost/api/v1/say_hello",
type: "GET",
dataType: "json",
async: true,
success: function(res) {
console.log(res)
},
error: function(param) {
console.log("fail, error=", param)
}
})
}
function whoami() {
$.ajax({
url: "http://localhost/api/v2/who_am_i",
type: "GET",
dataType: "json",
async: true,
success: function(res) {
console.log(res)
},
error: function(param) {
console.log("fail, error=", param)
}
})
}
</script>
|
需要注意的是，其中每个接口请求的url为：http://localhost/api/v1/say_hello和http://localhost/api/v2/who_am_i。并编写nginx.conf配置代理：
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| user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
# Server block for handling requests
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
# 处理静态文件的请求（如果有）
location / {
root /fontend;
index index.html;
}
location ^~/api/v1/ {
proxy_pass http://router_one:8080/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ^~/api/v2/ {
proxy_pass http://router_two:8080/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
}
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我们注意到，代理的转发路径分别是http://router_one:8080/和http://router_two:8080/，其中不是IP地址，而是容器名。
容器编排以及通信测试
编写docker-compose.yml编排内容，配置如下：
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| version: '3'
services:
font_end:
image: fontend:v1
build: ./client
container_name: font_end
ports:
- 80:80
volumes:
- ./client/index.html:/fontend/index.html
- ./client/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
networks:
- deploy
microservice1: # 服务名，用于docker-compose中不同服务之间的通讯
image: microservice1:v1 # 镜像名
build: ./microservice1 # build镜像的地址
container_name: router_one # 容器名，用于不同容器之间的通讯
ports:
- 8080:8080
volumes:
- ./microservice1/main:/app/microservice
networks:
- deploy
microservice2:
image: microservice2:v1
build: ./microservice2
container_name: router_two
ports:
- 8081:8080
volumes:
- ./microservice2/main:/app/microservice
networks:
- deploy
networks: # 设定网段
deploy:
driver: bridge # 配置为桥接模式
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运行docker-compose up，编排结果如下：
启动并访问http://localhost，结果如下：
观察上图，发现前后端对接成功，nginx成功向不同容器转发请求，实现了不同容器之间的通讯。
启动并访问
观察上图，发现前后端对接成功，nginx成功向不同容器转发请求，实现了不同容器之间的通讯。